Image Guide to Employment Disputes IEL’s Guide to Employment Disputes provides a comprehensive overview of employment claims procedures across 23 jurisdictions worldwide, covering key stages from pre-claim requirements through to hearings, remedies, and appeals.The information provided is intended for general informational purposes only and should not be construed as legal advice. The transmission and receipt of information contained on this platform does not form or constitute an attorney-client relationship. It is important to seek legal advice from a qualified attorney regarding any specific legal issue or problem. Choose countries and select questions Select specific jurisdictions to filter on Select specific jurisdictions to filter on Australia Brazil Czechia France Germany Indonesia Ireland Italy Japan Luxembourg New York - United States New Zealand Philippines Poland Singapore Slovakia South Africa South Korea Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom Guide to Employment Disputes 01. Which courts deal with employment disputes? 02. Is there a process to be followed before a claim can be issued? 03. Is there a mandatory mediation or conciliation process before a claim can be issued? 04. Does the employee have to pay a fee to issue? 05. What are the time limits for bringing a claim? 06. Who can bring a claim – does someone have to be an employee or can contingent workers bring claims? 07. How is a claim issued? 08. Does the employer have to pay a fee to defend a claim? 09. What initial steps does an employer have to take to defend a claim? 10. Are hearings held remotely or in person? 11. Should an employer expect to attend any case management hearings ahead of the final liability hearing? 12. Are any matters addressed as preliminary points ahead of the final liability hearing? 13. Is there a duty to disclose documents to the other party, and what does this involve? 14. Can documents be disclosed at any point in the proceedings? 15. Are there any implications of late disclosure? 16. Are witnesses expected to give evidence in person? 17. Can witness evidence be given from another country? 18. What remedies are available? 19. Is compensation unlimited? 20. Is interest payable? 21. Are costs awarded against the losing party? 22. Can the decision be appealed to a higher court? Search Clear filters Download your results as a PDF Save to PDF Contributing editors First Name Georgina Rowley, Company DAC Beachcroft Contributors Joel Zyngier, Gilchrist Connell, AustraliaRichard Scougall, Gilchrist Connell, AustraliaJordan Hansen, Gilchrist Connell, AustraliaLeonardo da Costa Carvalho, BVA Advogados, BrazilLuiz Gustavo Oliveira da Silva, BVA Advogados, BrazilAnete Brasil, BVA Advogados, BrazilTomáš Čermák, Weinhold Legal, CzechiaEva Procházková, Weinhold Legal, CzechiaJennifer Carrel, UGGC Avocats, FrancePaul Schreiner, Luther, GermanyNina Stephan, Luther, GermanyBagus S D Nur Buwono, Bagus Enrico & Partners, IndonesiaNikolaus Baptista Ruma, Bagus Enrico & Partners, IndonesiaSinead Morgan, DAC Beachcroft, IrelandKatie Doherty, DAC Beachcroft, IrelandDavid Freeman, DAC Beachcroft, IrelandDonatella Cungi, Toffoletto De Luca Tamajo e Soci, ItalyLisa Auguadra, Toffoletto De Luca Tamajo e Soci, ItalyTomohiro Yokota, Vanguard Lawyers Tokyo, JapanMaria Abe, Vanguard Lawyers Tokyo, JapanDaniel Nerl, GSK Stockmann, LuxembourgBrian Cousin, Fox Rothschild, New York - United StatesCaroline (Caro) Rieger, Black Door Law, New ZealandGilyen Ezra Marie L. Li-Nulud, ACCRALAW, PhilippinesClarence Darrow C. Valdecantos, ACCRALAW, PhilippinesAgnieszka Pytlas, Penteris, PolandJeremiasz Kuśmierz, Penteris, PolandAntonina Zemska, Penteris, PolandAniela Rybak , Penteris, PolandJennifer Chih, Nair Jen & Tan, SingaporeNaomi See, Nair Jen & Tan, SingaporeNatalie Lim, Nair Jen & Tan, SingaporeTomáš Čermák, Weinhold Legal, SlovakiaKarin Konečná, Weinhold Legal, SlovakiaRoss Alcock, ENS Africa, South AfricaPrencess Mohlahlo, ENS Africa, South AfricaWilliam Kim, Lee & Ko, South KoreaShawn Han, Lee & Ko, South KoreaIván Suárez Tellechea, Suarez de Vivero, SpainOscar Collin, Suarez de Vivero, SpainPia Nyblaeus, Next Law, SwedenJenny Jilmstad, Next Law, SwedenOskar Lodin, Next Law, SwedenSimone Wetzstein, Walder Wyss, SwitzerlandGustaf Heintz, Walder Wyss, SwitzerlandElife Kobaner Bildirici, Kobaner Bildirici Law Firm, TurkeyGeorgina Rowley, DAC Beachcroft, United KingdomCeri Fuller, DAC Beachcroft, United KingdomGeetika Bansal, DAC Beachcroft, United Kingdom Contributors Jennifer Carrel, UGGC Avocats, France Sinead Morgan, DAC Beachcroft, Ireland Katie Doherty, DAC Beachcroft, Ireland David Freeman, DAC Beachcroft, Ireland Leonardo da Costa Carvalho, BVA Advogados, Brazil Luiz Gustavo Oliveira da Silva, BVA Advogados, Brazil Anete Brasil, BVA Advogados, Brazil Tomohiro Yokota, Vanguard Lawyers Tokyo, Japan Maria Abe, Vanguard Lawyers Tokyo, Japan Daniel Nerl, GSK Stockmann, Luxembourg Gilyen Ezra Marie L. Li-Nulud, ACCRALAW, Philippines Clarence Darrow C. Valdecantos, ACCRALAW, Philippines Agnieszka Pytlas, Penteris, Poland Jeremiasz Kuśmierz, Penteris, Poland Antonina Zemska, Penteris, Poland Aniela Rybak , Penteris, Poland Jennifer Chih, Nair Jen & Tan, Singapore Naomi See, Nair Jen & Tan, Singapore Natalie Lim, Nair Jen & Tan, Singapore Pia Nyblaeus, Next Law, Sweden Jenny Jilmstad, Next Law, Sweden Oskar Lodin, Next Law, Sweden Georgina Rowley, DAC Beachcroft, United Kingdom Ceri Fuller, DAC Beachcroft, United Kingdom Geetika Bansal, DAC Beachcroft, United Kingdom Paul Schreiner, Luther, Germany Nina Stephan, Luther, Germany Simone Wetzstein, Walder Wyss, Switzerland Gustaf Heintz, Walder Wyss, Switzerland Ross Alcock, ENS Africa, South Africa Prencess Mohlahlo, ENS Africa, South Africa Tomáš Čermák, Weinhold Legal, Czechia Eva Procházková, Weinhold Legal, Czechia Tomáš Čermák, Weinhold Legal, Slovakia Karin Konečná, Weinhold Legal, Slovakia Elife Kobaner Bildirici, Kobaner Bildirici Law Firm, Turkey Caroline (Caro) Rieger, Black Door Law, New Zealand William Kim, Lee & Ko, South Korea Shawn Han, Lee & Ko, South Korea Joel Zyngier, Gilchrist Connell, Australia Richard Scougall, Gilchrist Connell, Australia Jordan Hansen, Gilchrist Connell, Australia Donatella Cungi, Toffoletto De Luca Tamajo e Soci, Italy Lisa Auguadra, Toffoletto De Luca Tamajo e Soci, Italy Brian Cousin, Fox Rothschild, New York - United States Bagus S D Nur Buwono, Bagus Enrico & Partners, Indonesia Nikolaus Baptista Ruma, Bagus Enrico & Partners, Indonesia Iván Suárez Tellechea, Suarez de Vivero, Spain Oscar Collin, Suarez de Vivero, Spain