Employment in Financial Services

There is no general code defined by law or regulation.

Each company can adopt its standard of behaviour as a rule.

Certain activities require specific protocols for the Prevention of Money Laundering and Combating the Financing of Terrorism:

• the capture, intermediation, and investment of financial resources from third parties in national or foreign currency;

• the purchase and sale of foreign currency or gold as a financial asset or exchange instrument; and

• the custody, issuance, distribution, settlement, negotiation, intermediation, or securities administration.

Within the scope of the Brazilian System for Preventing and Combating Money Laundering and the Financing of Terrorism, it is up to institutions and their employees to adequately comply with Central Bank regulations. Also, institutions must promote the effectiveness of the apparatus to combat and prevent money laundering, carry out risk management with the implementation of effective policies, procedures, and controls, and help the Brazilian state locate suspicious financial operations so that they can be investigated.

Generally, MAS’ Guidelines on Individual Accountability and Conduct emphasises the importance of reinforcing standards of proper conduct among all employees, while employees conducting regulated activities must remain fit and proper for their roles under MAS’ Guidelines on Fit and Proper Criteria.

Guidelines, codes, directions, notices and legislation in relation to corporate governance and risk management (including those mentioned in questions 5 and 6) should also be considered.

Depending on the regulatory status of the employing entity and, as the case may be, on the exact activities of a financial service employee, a financial service employee needs to adhere to certain code of conduct rules (eg, regarding transparency and care, documentation and accountability).

Supervised companies in Switzerland are, in principle, required to set up an organisation that ensures the compliance with Swiss financial market laws and its statutory code of conduct rules. For this purpose, among others, companies are required to issue regulations that their employees must follow.

Under Swiss financial market laws, code of conduct rules are generally based on abstract statutory rules and concretized by recognised privately organised associations.

In particular, several professional organisations (eg, the Swiss Bankers Association or the Asset Management Association) and self-regulated organisations issue their own set of code of conduct rules that members are required to follow.